Do you need to pay tax on COVID-19 financial support payments that you receive?
There are a number of different schemes providing government help for individuals and businesses affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
If you receive assistance (whether from the Commonwealth or a State or Territory government), you may be wondering if you need to pay tax on the assistance. Here is what the ATO website advises.
Assistance |
Income tax treatment |
GST treatment |
COVID-19 Disaster Payment |
Not taxable |
N/A |
JobKeeper |
Taxable – but amounts paid to employees that are subsidised by JobKeeper are deductible (see below) |
No GST |
Pandemic Leave Disaster Payment |
Taxable |
N/A |
Small business support payments |
See below |
No GST |
Child Care Transition Payment |
Taxable |
No GST (GST-free supply) |
Creative Economy Support Payment |
Taxable |
No GST |
Creative Economy Concessional Loan |
Not taxable |
No GST |
Consumer Travel Support Program Grant |
Taxable |
No GST |
State Government Voucher Subsidy Scheme Payment |
Taxable |
GST payable |
Electricity rebate |
Not taxable – but rebate reduces a business’ deduction for electricity |
No GST |
Small business support payments
Government payments to assist a business to continue operating are generally taxable, whether provided as a one-off lump sum or a series of payments.
However, payments made under the COVID-19 business support programs listed below (eligible programs) are not taxable (they are what’s called non-assessable non-exempt (NANE) income) if the recipient’s aggregated turnover in the year they receive the payment is less than $50 million.
NSW support programs
Victorian support programs
Other support programs
If you receive a government support payment that is not listed above, then it is taxable (at least as at 25 August 2021). That includes:
However, the Federal Government may declare any such payments to be non-taxable (by declaring the relevant program to be an eligible program).
Rent relief
If a sole trader receives rent relief, its deduction for rent will be reduced. If the sole trader is registered for GST, its entitlement to GST credits is reduced in proportion to the rent reduction.
Land tax relief
Land tax relief will result in a smaller allowable deduction. GST is not payable on the relief, but the GST payable on rent received by the landowner is reduced in proportion to the rent reduction given to the tenant.
Payroll tax relief
Where:
There are no GST consequences.
Tip!
Check with your tax adviser as to whether specific support government payments are taxable.
It’s tax time again!
You have to lodge your income tax return for the 2020–21 income year by 31 October 2021 (unless you have a substituted accounting period). If you use a registered tax agent to lodge your return, it is likely they will be allowed to lodge the return at a later date, even as late as May 2022 in some cases.
Lodging a tax return
Are you a sole trader?
Are you a partnership?
If you operate your business in a partnership:
As an individual partner, you report on your individual tax return:
The partnership doesn’t pay income tax on the income it earns. Instead, you and each of the partners pay tax on the share of net partnership income (if any) you receive.
Are you a trust?
Are you a company?
The company’s income is separate from your personal income.
Tax losses
This has been a difficult year, and your business may have made a tax loss.
A tax loss is when the total deductions you can claim, excluding gifts, donations and personal superannuation contributions, are greater than your total income for the income year.
If you make a tax loss, you may be able to:
Meeting the ‘non-commercial loss’ tests
If you’re a sole trader or in a partnership of individuals and want to offset a tax loss, first check if the business activity meets at least one of the ‘commerciality’ tests under the non-commercial loss rules. (Those rules do not apply to losses made by primary producers and professional artists whose income from other sources is less than $40,000 or to losses made by companies and trusts.)
What are the ‘non-commercial loss’ tests?
Broadly, the four non-commercial loss tests are:
If you meet one of the ‘non-commercial loss’ tests, then you can offset the loss against other assessable income (such as salary or investment income) in the same income year.
If you don’t meet any of the ‘non-commercial loss’ tests, you can defer the loss or carry it forward to future years. For example, you can offset it when you next make a profit.
Non-commercial losses made by an individual whose adjusted taxable income exceeds $250,000 are quarantined.
The rules for record keeping still apply when it’s related to business losses. You need to keep records for 5 years for most transactions. However, if you fully deduct a tax loss in a single income year, you only need to keep records for 4 years from that income year.
Tip!
Talk to your tax adviser about the best way to utilise tax losses.
The non-commercial loss rules are complicated. Talk to your tax adviser if you have any doubts about whether a business activity satisfies any of the non-commercial loss tests.
Personal services income
If you operate your business through a company or a trust, income earned by the company or trust from the provision of your personal services (personal services income or PSI) will be attributed to you unless:
The company or trust will be carrying on a PSB if at least one of a number of tests are satisfied. These are the:
If 80% or more of your PSI (with certain exceptions) is income from one client (or the client and their associate(s)) and the results test is not met, the company or trust will need to obtain a PSB determination from the ATO.
The company or trust cannot deduct amounts that relate to gaining or producing your PSI, unless you could have deducted the amount as an individual or the company or trust received the PSI in the course of carrying on a PSB.
Even if you don’t use a company or trust to derive your PSI, there are limitations on the deductions that you may claim against your PSI. For example, you may not be able to deduct certain home office expenses, eg occupancy expenses such as mortgage interest or rent.
Tip!
The PSI rules are complicated so talk to your tax adviser if you provide your services through a company or trust.
Home office
A lot more people are working from home because of the COVID-19 pandemic. If you operate your business from a home office, you can deduct the expenses of running that office. A home office is a room in your home that is used exclusively (or almost exclusively) for business activities.
Expenses you can claim a deduction for include:
To make it easier for people to claim deductions for working from home due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the ATO allows a rate of 80 cents per hour for running expenses incurred from 1 March 2020 until 30 June 2021. Under this ‘shortcut’ method, you don’t need a dedicated work area in your home. You need to have kept a record of the hours you have worked from home, such as a diary. Of course, you can still make a claim based on your actual running expenses if it produces a larger deduction.
Small business income tax offset
If you are a sole trader, an individual who is a partner in a business partnership or an individual who is a beneficiary of a trust that carries on a business, you may qualify for the small business income tax offset if the business’ aggregated turnover is less than $5 million (yes, $5 million and not the general $10 million small business threshold). The offset is not available to an individual acting as a trustee of a trust.
The tax offset for 2020–21 is equal to 13% of the income tax payable on the sole trader’s or other individual’s taxable income that qualifies as their net small business income (the offset rate is 16% for 2021–22).
The offset is capped at $1,000.
What’s new for individuals?
Income tax thresholds
The various threshold amounts and rates for the 2021–22 income year are set out below.
Item |
Threshold/rate from 1 July 2021 |
CGT improvement threshold |
$156,784 |
Division 7A benchmark interest rate |
4.52%* |
Car limit (depreciation) |
$60,733 |
Car expenses – cents per km method |
72 cents* |
Employee truck driver – reasonable meal expenses |
Breakfast: $26.15 Lunch: $29.85 Dinner: $51.50 |
Overtime meal allowance – reasonable amount |
$32.50 |
Invalid and invalid carer offset (IICTO) |
$2,833** |
Maximum adjusted taxable income where IICTO cuts out |
$11,614** |
* The Division 7A benchmark interest rate and cents per km rate are the same as for 2020–21.
** Not official ATO figures.
Medicare levy surcharge and private health insurance
The income thresholds for the Medicare levy surcharge and private health insurance tax offset purposes have been frozen for another 2 years (until 30 June 2023). The thresholds are:
|
No surcharge & maximum offset |
Tier 1 |
Tier 2 |
Tier 3 |
Singles |
$90,000 or less |
$90,001–$105,000 |
$105,001–$140,000 |
$140,001 or more |
Families* |
$180,000 or less |
$180,001– $210,000 |
$210,001– $280,000 |
$280,001 or more |
* The family income threshold is increased by $1,500 for each dependent child after the first child.
The Medicare levy surcharge is 1% for Tier 1 taxpayers, 1.25% for Tier 2 taxpayers and 1.5% for Tier 3 taxpayers.
The private health insurance tax offset percentage is highest for Tier 1 taxpayers and lowest for Tier 3 taxpayers. The percentage also varies depending on the ages of the persons covered by the relevant health insurance policy. There are 3 age brackets – under 65, 65 to 69 and 70 or above.
HELP debt
Here are the 2021–22 repayment rates and thresholds if you have a study or training loan such as a Higher Education Loan Program (HELP), VET Student Loan (VSL) or Trade Support Loan (TSL) debt.
Repayment income |
Repayment rate |
Below $47,014 |
Nil |
$47,014 – $54,282 |
1.0% |
$54,283 – $57,538 |
2.0% |
$57,539 – $60,991 |
2.5% |
$60,992 – $64,651 |
3.0% |
$64,652 – $68,529 |
3.5% |
$68,530 – $72,641 |
4.0% |
$72,642 – $77,001 |
4.5% |
$77,002 – $81,620 |
5.0% |
$81,621 – $86,518 |
5.5% |
$86,519 – $91,709 |
6.0% |
$91,710 – $97,212 |
6.5% |
$97,213 – $103,045 |
7.0% |
$103,046 – $109,227 |
7.5% |
$109,228 – $115,781 |
8.0% |
$115,782 – $122,728 |
8.5% |
$122,729 – $130,092 |
9.0% |
$130,093 – $137,897 |
9.5% |
$137,898 and above |
10% |
Granny flat arrangements
From 1 July 2021, capital gains tax (CGT) does not apply when a granny flat arrangement is created, varied or terminated.
A granny flat arrangement is a written agreement that gives an eligible person the right to occupy a dwelling for life. The owner or owners of the dwelling must be individuals. They must enter into a non-commercial granny flat arrangement with the eligible person.
An individual is an eligible person if they:
Tip!
Talk to your tax adviser if contemplating entering into a granny flat arrangement with an elderly or disabled person.
No GDP adjustment for 2021–22
The GST and PAYG instalment amounts are usually adjusted every year using a formula known as the gross domestic product (GDP) adjustment.
However, the ATO has announced that the GDP adjustment to work out quarterly GST and PAYG instalment amounts for the 2021–22 income year is nil. It was also nil for 2020–21.
Superannuation for individuals
Superannuation and ETP thresholds
The superannuation and ETP (employment termination payment) thresholds for the 2021–22 financial year are listed below:
|
2021-22 |
Concessional contributions cap for individuals aged under 75* |
$27,500** |
Concessional contributions cap for individuals aged 75+ |
Only mandated employer contributions† |
Non-concessional contributions cap* |
$110,000 |
CGT cap amount |
$1,615,000 |
Low rate cap amount/ETP cap amount |
$225,000 |
Untaxed plan cap amount |
$1,615,000 |
ETP life benefit cap amount |
$225,000 |
ETP life benefit whole of income cap amount |
$180,000 |
ETP death benefit cap amount |
$225,000 |
Base limit — tax-free part of a bona fide redundancy payment |
$11,341 |
For each completed year of service |
$5,672 |
Co-contribution lower income threshold |
$41,112 |
Co-contribution upper income threshold |
$56,112 |
* Work test needs to be satisfied if aged 67–74. The Government has announced that the work test will be repealed for salary sacrificed contributions and non-concessional contributions from 1 July 2022.
COVID-19 early release of superannuation
If you accessed your superannuation early in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, you can choose to re-contribute those amounts between 1 July 2021 and 30 June 2030 without them being counted towards your non-concessional contributions cap. The choice must be made in the approved form and given to your super fund before you make the re-contribution.
Superannuation that is accessed early is tax-free (non-assessable non-exempt (NANE) income).
Pensions and annuities – minimum drawdown amounts
The 50% reduction in the minimum drawdown amounts has been extended to the 2021–22 financial year. These are the minimum annual payments required for account-based pensions and annuities, allocated pensions and annuities and market-linked pensions and annuities.
If you receive more than the minimum drawdown amount, you can recontribute these amounts if you are eligible to make superannuation contributions (subject to other rules or limits such as contributions caps).
SMSFs
The maximum number of members for a self-managed superannuation fund (SMSF) increased from 4 to 6 from 1 July 2021.
Tip!
Speak to your licensed financial adviser before making any decisions affecting your superannuation.
SMSF – appointing an auditor
If you have a self-managed superannuation fund (SMSF), you need to appoint an approved SMSF auditor at least 45 days before the due date for lodging the 2020–21 SMSF annual return. The lodgment dates are:
The role of an approved SMSF auditor is to review the SMSF’s financial statements and accounts, and to assess its compliance with superannuation laws.
The auditor must be registered with ASIC and independent of the SMSF. You can find a list of approved SMSF auditors on the ASIC website.
The ATO recommends that you start the process of appointing an auditor early as approved SMSF auditors can be busy (in March 2020, there were almost 590,000 SMSFs in Australia).
Tip!
If you use a registered tax agent to prepare your SMSF’s annual return, talk to them as soon as possible.
Are you a landlord?
In 2019–20, over 1.8 million Australians owned rental properties and claimed $38 billion in deductions.
According to the ATO, the most common mistake rental property and holiday homeowners make is neglecting to declare all their income. This includes failing to declare any capital gains from selling an investment property.
The ATO is expanding the rental income data it receives directly from third-party sources such as sharing economy platforms, rental bond authorities and property managers.
Deliberate attempts to avoid tax on rental income will see the ATO take action.
If you take out a loan to buy a rental property and rent it out at market rates, the interest on that loan is deductible. However, if you redraw money from that mortgage for personal use, such as buying a boat, or going on a holiday, you can’t claim the interest on that part of the loan.
Note: An asset used mainly to derive rent does not qualify for the small business CGT concessions.
Reduced rent during COVID-19 pandemic
If you negotiated a reduced or deferred rent, you only need to declare the rent you have received as income. Deferred payments are taxed in the income year in which you receive them.
While your rental income may be reduced, you can still claim normal expenses made on your property as long as the reduced rent is determined at arm’s length and considers current market conditions.
Generally, if your plans to rent a property in 2020–21 were the same as in previous years, but were disrupted by COVID-19, you will still be able to claim the same proportion of expenses. This only applies where the property was not used privately. If you, your family or friends stayed at the property for free or at a reduced rate, at best you will only be able to claim a portion of the expenses.
Travel to inspect properties
If you incur travel expenses in order to inspect a residential rental property you own, carry out repairs to the property, collect rent or attend an apartment building owner’s corporation meeting, you cannot claim a deduction for those expenses.
Restriction on deducting travel expenses: Who does it apply to?
Travel expenses include airfares, taxi charges, motor vehicle expenses and the cost of associated meals and accommodation.
These rules were introduced to address concerns that some taxpayers had been claiming travel deductions (eg for a flight from Sydney or Melbourne where the property owner lived to the Gold Coast where the rental property was located) without correctly apportioning costs, or had even claimed travel costs that were for private purposes (eg using the Gold Coast property just for a holiday).
The restriction on deducting travel expenses also applies to a tenant who subleases a residential property and to an SMSF that owns a residential property.
Who doesn’t it apply to?
The restriction does not apply to expenses incurred by a company.
The restriction also does not apply to travel expenditure incurred in carrying on a business, including a business of providing property management services.
Whether owning residential rental properties constitutes a business depends on the facts of each particular case. For example, an individual who derives income from renting out one or two residential properties would not normally be thought of as carrying on a business.
On the other hand, deriving rent from a number of properties or from a block of apartments may indicate the existence of a business. For example, the Administrative Appeals Tribunal recently decided that a man who rented out 7 units in one block and 2 houses was carrying on a rental property business. This was largely because he was heavily involved in managing the properties (particularly after he was made redundant from his day job as a banker) and the capital invested was sizable (net $3.475 million).
Do you hold vacant land?
Deductions are limited for expenses associated with holding vacant land. The ATO has issued a draft ruling (TR 2021/D5) setting out its views on how the rules operate.
Land is vacant if there is no substantial and permanent structure in use or available for use on the land.
If there is a structure on the land, it must have an independent purpose in the context of the land on which it is located. For example, fences and a garage on residential land do not have a purpose independent of the main residence. Accordingly, if there is no main residence on the land, it will be vacant even if there is fencing or a garage on it.
Residential premises that you construct or substantially renovate are not a substantial and permanent structure unless they can lawfully be occupied and are leased, hired or licensed (or available for lease, hire or licence).
Examples of expenses associated with holding land include any interest or borrowing costs to acquire the land, council rates, land tax and maintenance costs. However, the costs of constructing a substantial and permanent structure on the land, or any interest or borrowing costs (to the extent they are associated with the construction), are not regarded as expenses associated with holding the land.
The limitation on deducting expenses does not apply if the land is used in carrying on a business.
Tip!
If you hold vacant land, talk to your tax adviser about whether the holding costs are deductible.
From the ATO
Beware of scammers
The latest scam reported by the ATO is one where scammers try to trick people into making payments by pretending to be from the ATO and other agencies, such as the Australian Federal Police.
They might tell you that your TFN has been suspended or compromised due to money laundering or other illegal activity, or that you owe a debt. Suggested payment methods are:
The ATO says it will never demand payment by these methods. You should always check legitimate ways to pay a tax debt on the ATO’s website before making a payment.
If you have paid money to a scammer through one of the methods listed above or are concerned about your personal safety, report it to your local police straight away and specify all the details.
The ATO also strongly encourages you to contact your financial institution immediately. In some cases, they may be able to stop a transaction or close your account if the scammer has your account details.
If you’re ever unsure whether an ATO contact is genuine, hang up and phone them on 1800 008 540 to check.
Tip!
Check out the ACCC’s Scamwatch website for helpful tips and resources.
Successful prosecutions
The ATO has published details of a number of successful prosecutions.
Melbourne accountant – fraudulent GST refunds
A Melbourne businessman and former tax agent has narrowly escaped jail after pleading guilty to obtaining $135,248 in fraudulent GST refunds.
Mr B was the principal of a tax and accountancy firm. One of the firm’s clients built residential units, which they managed through a group of property development companies.
In his capacity as a registered tax agent, Mr B prepared the business activity statements for these companies. But he added extra amounts to the construction costs, which inflated the GST refunds. The resulting refunds were then deposited into the firm’s bank account.
Mr B pleaded guilty to 2 counts of dishonestly obtaining a gain from the Commonwealth and repaid the full amount. He was sentenced to 2 years’ jail to be released immediately on a $5,000 good behaviour bond.
Sydney accountant – fraudulent tax refunds
A Sydney accountant (Ms H) has been convicted of dishonestly obtaining a financial advantage by deception.
Ms H secretly lodged amended business activity statements for 3 clients of the firm she worked for and directed tax refunds to her personal bank accounts. In total, Ms H obtained $4,472, and a further refund of $2,880 was stopped before payment was made.
Ms Ho pleaded guilty to 2 counts of dishonestly obtaining a financial advantage by deception. She received a criminal conviction along with an 18-month community corrections order and a $2,200 fine. She was also ordered to repay the $4,472 she had obtained.
Since then Ms H has been arrested and charged in relation to further fraud offences.
Trucking boss’ fraudulent scheme runs out of gas
A South Australian man who created fake transport companies to get his hands on more than $3.8 million in fuel tax credits has been sentenced to 10 years’ jail.
Mr R, who already operated trucking businesses in South Australia, created three additional companies. He then lodged 75 false claims under the Diesel and Alternative Fuel Grants Scheme and the Energy Grants Credit Scheme.
These schemes, which have since been replaced by fuel tax credits, were designed to allow eligible heavy road transport businesses to claim back 18.51 cents per litre of fuel each month.
Across the 3 companies, Mr R claimed more than 20 million litres of fuel, but there was no evidence to suggest the fuel had ever been purchased. Further checks confirmed there were no trucks registered to any of the companies.
Man cops criminal record for false claims
A finance and IT manager who made false work-related expense claims in his income tax returns has been convicted and fined at the Southport Magistrates Court.
Mr C claimed “other work-related expenses” totalling $86,229 and $79,472 respectively in his 2016 and 2017 tax returns. The ATO’s systems immediately flagged that the claims were unusually high for someone of his income and occupation. But he ignored the real-time warnings asking him to double-check his claims and proceeded to lodge them.
When the ATO commenced an audit, Mr C took it a step further by submitting a voluntary disclosure form increasing his “other work-related expenses” in the 2016 tax return to $104,837.
Mr C provided 47 invoices and 8 bank statements in an attempt to substantiate his claims, but checks proved they were false or altered. He hadn’t incurred the expenses relating to 46 of the invoices, and the remaining invoice was for private expenses.
As well as 58 criminal convictions being permanently entered on his record, he was fined $4,000 and ordered to pay $75,000 to the ATO, plus court costs.
Key tax dates
Date |
Obligation |
21 Sep 2021 |
August monthly BAS due |
30 Sep 2021 |
Finalisation due date by payers of PAYG withholding payments reporting through STP for closely held payees |
21 Oct 2021 |
September monthly BAS due Payment of annual PAYG instalment for 2020–21 |
28 Oct 2021 |
September quarter BAS due Payment of first PAYG instalment for 2021–22 by quarterly payers |
31 Oct 2021* |
2020-21 income tax return due |
21 Nov 2021* |
October monthly BAS due |
* These dates fall on a Sunday, so the due date is the next business day.
Note!
Talk to your tax agent to confirm the correct due dates for your own tax obligations. For example, you may have more time to lodge and pay if impacted by COVID-19 or floods.
DISCLAIMER |
TaxWise® News is distributed by professional tax practitioners to provide information of general interest to their clients. The content of this newsletter does not constitute specific advice. Readers are encouraged to consult their tax adviser for advice on specific matters. |